The evolution of rehabilitation and treatment in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a narrative review

Abstract

Starting point: Despite modern technology and treatment, Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a disease that leads to the physical degradation of the body at an early age, even leading to death.

Group: The aim of this paper is to present the results of the development of treatment and rehabilitation of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and to define the current rehabilitation options to maintain the longest possible state of independence and self-sufficiency.

Methods: Analysis of available data and review of resources on treatment and rehabilitation of Duchenne muscular dystrophy with special reference to physiotherapy was performed as of 31 May 2025 from the databases of the National Library of Medicine, the University Library of CTU, Medvik, Scopus, PubMed (Medline) and Web of Science. The search was performed primarily on the basis of established keywords.

Results: Rehabilitation in DMD must be based on a comprehensive approach. The success of physiotherapy depends on an early start, individual approach, continuity and close interdisciplinary cooperation. In addition to the musculoskeletal system, the orofacial and respiratory functions, the cardiovascular system and the psychosocial stability of the patient and his/her family must be addressed. In addition to the use of elements from classical therapeutic concepts, balneology, hydrokinesiology, it appears appropriate to include telerehabilitation in order to maintain accessibility and continuity of care.

Conclusions: The historical overview shows the complexity of the earlier diagnosis and the limited therapeutic options. Although it is still an incurable disease, current clinical and rehabilitation approaches allow to significantly influence the course of the disease. In the future, gene therapy is expected to be a major milestone that will lead to a change in the health of DMD/BMD individuals.