Biomechanical and sensory aspects of idiopathic scoliosis: A comprehensive approach to diagnosis and intervention

Abstract

Idiopathic scoliosis is a complex spinal deformity with a multifactorial etiopathogenesis involving biomechanical, neurological, genetic, endocrine, and environmental factors. This article focuses on the interplay between biomechanical and neurological factors in patients with idiopathic scoliosis, with key biomechanical aspects including muscle imbalances and postural asymmetry. Neurological-functional aspects involve sensory dysfunctions and dyspraxia, which are associated with the central nervous system and its ability to correctly process and integrate peripheral information. Specific clinical tests enable precise diagnostics of these dysfunctions, which is crucial for developing effective therapeutic plans that consider individual motor and sensory impairments. Early diagnosis and intervention contribute to the prevention of complications related to scoliosis progression and improve both the physical condition and psychological well-being of patients. Rehabilitation plays a significant role in bridging biomechanical and neurological-functional approaches, providing a comprehensive framework for optimizing therapy. It underscores the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration in scoliosis treatment, offering a promising pathway for integrating recent diagnostic and therapeutic procedures into clinical practice focused on patients with idiopathic scoliosis.