POSSIBILITIES OF USING DIFFERENT TYPES OF ANIMALS IN THE THERAPEUTIC PROCESS TO IMPROVE THE CONDITION OF INDIVIDUALS WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER

Abstract

Background: A variety of animal species are used for rehabilitation purposes, and they can also be employed in the rehabilitation of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to improve their health condition. The choice of species can vary depending on the type of disorder and the appropriateness of the animal. Animal-assisted interventions (AAI) with different species offer another option in social rehabilitation.

Methods: The method of content analysis of documents was used for this study. Sources were searched in scientific databases such as Scopus, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, PLOS One, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, etc. For the questionnaire survey, institutions focused on autism spectrum disorders and individuals who have close contact with persons with ASD were approached, as general awareness of the use of this type of therapy for individuals with ASD has not yet been the subject of many studies.

Results: In the rehabilitation process, the use of animals for therapeutic purposes is a very suitable complement to improve the condition of individuals with ASD, enhancing their well-being and quality of life. A short questionnaire survey on public opinion regarding the use of animals revealed that there is awareness of animal interventions for individuals with ASD. According to respondents, such interventions could improve motor skills, movement, and speech, enhance psychological well-being, reduce anxiety, depression, and aggression, and increase the chance of social inclusion.

Conclusion: Animals are suitable for social rehabilitation to improve the condition of individuals with ASD. Various forms of rehabilitation can be utilized, either through visiting services or by keeping animals in institutions. According to public opinion, the use of animals in rehabilitation for individuals with ASD is beneficial both physically and psychologically. The animals identified as most suitable by respondents were dogs, horses, and cats.