Vplyv tréningu rovnováhy na nestabilitu členkového kĺbu u športovcov: system-atický prehľad randomizovaných kontrolovaných štúdií

Abstrakt

Background: Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is one of the most prevalent sports injuries among athletes and is defined by recurrent ankle sprains, episodes of giving way, poor proprioception, and postural control deficits. Balance training is a common rehabilitation technique, but there is no clear evidence about the effectiveness of various balance training techniques.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to systematically review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the effects of balance training on ankle instability, postural control and functional performance in athletes with CAI.

Method: The search was done in six online sources, including Google Scholar, PubMed, PEDro, Cochrane Library, Web of Sciences, and Scopus and the words "balance training," "ankle instability," "balance interventions," and "athletes" were used in the search and patients in the studies were only chosen at random and had to have been identified with CAI using standard clinical criteria and valid tools, such as the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) and the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) was the patient reported outcome measure and it was used to find out how well the patient could do things, but it was not used as a medical tool and we got rid of the studies that had people with acute ankle sprains, non-athletic groups, or treatments and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was used to rate the study method quality.

Results: Fifteen randomized controlled studies with 561 athletes aged 18–45 years met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 281 participants were treated with balance-based therapies and 280 with alternative rehabilitation programmes or control interventions. Methodological quality of the included studies, according to the PEDro scale, was rated as moderate-to-high (5-8). In general, balance-based therapies were related with improvements in dynamic balance, postural control and self-reported ankle function across studies. The most common tests associated with positive changes in outcomes were the SEBT, Y-Balance Test, CAIT, FAAM and FADI. Furthermore, several studies have shown enhancement in proprioception, neuromuscular control, reaction time and movement coordination.

Conclusion: The results of this review suggest that balance-based rehabilitation may be beneficial in improving dynamic balance, postural control and self-reported ankle function in athletes with chronic ankle instability. However, significant variety in participant characteristics, intervention protocols, outcome measures, and follow-up duration prohibits direct comparison between research, and precludes conclusive findings regarding the most successful intervention technique. More high quality randomized controlled trials with standardized outcome measures and longer follow-up periods are needed to better understand the long-term effectiveness of balance-based therapy.