Effectiveness of Physiotherapy in Improving Muscle Strength, Spinal Mobility and Pain Reduction in Patients with Low Back Pain: A Pilot Clinical Study

Abstrakt

Introduction: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders in the modern population, representing a significant health, social, and economic issue. Physiotherapy is a fundamental component of conservative treatment for this condition.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of physiotherapeutic intervention on improving trunk muscle strength, lumbar spine mobility, and pain intensity in patients with nonspecific LBP.

Methods: Fifty patients with non-specific low back pain were enrolled in the study. Each patient completed an individualized physiotherapy program composed of selected kinesiotherapy methods (spiral stabilization, spinal exercises, Pilates, stretching, and soft tissue techniques). Therapy was conducted three times per week, in 60-minute sessions, for a total of 10 sessions. Muscle strength was assessed using Janda’s test; spinal mobility was evaluated through Schober’s and Stibor’s tests and lateral flexion measurements. Subjective pain and disability were assessed using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI).

Results: Following physiotherapy intervention, statistically significant improvements were observed in all monitored parameters. Trunk muscle strength improved by an average of 0.61–0.95 points (p < 0.001), spinal mobility increased by 1.66–4.72 cm (p < 0.001). The ODI score decreased from a mean of 2.98 to 1.57 points (p < 0.001), indicating a significant reduction in perceived pain and functional limitation.

Conclusion: The results confirm that a targeted physiotherapy program leads to improved muscle function, increased spinal mobility, and reduced pain in patients with nonspecific low back pain. Physiotherapy remains an essential element in the management of this condition.